The fuel and energy complex comprises the system of extraction, transportation, storage, production and distribution of all types of energy: gas, oil and oil products, solid fuels and electrical and heat energy.

Belarus created conditions for sufficient and reliable energy supply for a sustainable economic development. Intensified integration processes with the Russian Federation, in particular, complete fulfillment of commitments within the framework of the unified fuel and energy balance between Belarus and Russia promoted competitiveness of the Belarusian manufacturers’ products.

The Belarusian power engineering sector is one of the leading and developed sectors of the economy possessing traditionally high technical and engineering potential and promoting dynamic development of different spheres of the economy. The sector operates condensing power plants (47% of installed capacity), heat and power plants (50%) and also isolated generating plants, mini- heat and power plants based on existing steam boiler plants, low-capacity hydroelectric power stations with the total installed capacity of about 7.8 ths MW.
All power plants are networked via high-voltage electric transmission lines into a power grid connected with the power systems of Russia, Ukraine, Lithuania, Poland and other countries.
Belarus actively pursues a consistent policy aimed at efficiently using energy resources (in 2001–2005, energy intensity of the gross domestic products reduced by 25.5%).

Currently, the share of local energy resources makes up 15% of the gross consumption balance and it continuously increases. Development of a new project is underway – construction of a fuel wood-fired co-generation plant and also coal-fired co-generation plant to replace natural gas. Construction of midget power plants is underway.

2 large refineries – Public Joint-Stock Company Naftan and Public Joint-Stock Company Mozyr Refinery operate in the Republic of Belarus. The primary distillation of hydrocarbons at the Belarusian refineries amounted to 19.8 million tones in 2005 (growth rate vs. 2004 – 107.3%). Commissioning of the conversion unit at the PJSC Mozyr Refinery and completion of the construction of the hydro cracking unit at the PJSC Naftan allowed the refineries to reach 67-69% of oil processing efficiency. In 2006 – 2008, over 20 mln tons of hydrocarbons are forecast to be processed annually, and in 2009 – 2010, upon completion of the PJSC Naftan refurbishment – 22.3 mln tons annually.

Modernization of Belarusian refineries aimed at building deeper conversion systems would allow shifting the range of products toward increased yield of light and reduced yield of heavy petroleum products, increase in supplies of raw materials to the chemical sector, thereby reducing their dependence on import.